The global economic recovery is running out of steam, leaving the euro zone stuck in a mild recession and the United States at risk of following suit, the OECD said today, sharply cutting its forecasts.
The threat of even more devastating downturns looms if the euro zone does not get to grips with its debt crisis and US politicians fail to agree a spending-reduction plan, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development warned.
In the absence of decisive action from euro zone leaders, the European Central Bank alone has the power to contain the union's crisis, the Paris-based OECD said. In the United States, however, the Federal Reserve had little ammunition left.
While solid growth in big emerging economies would provide a boost, slumping global trade would drag on Chinese output, the OECD said.
Its twice-yearly Economic Outlook forecast world growth would slow to 3.4 per cent in 2012 from 3.8 per cent this year.
That marks a sharp fall from its previous outlook in May, when the OECD estimated the world economy would grow 4.2 per cent this year and 4.6 per cent in 2012.
Struggling to contain an unprecedented debt crisis, the euro zone has already entered a recession and will eke out growth of only 0.2 per cent in 2012, the OECD said, slashing its forecast from 2.0 per cent in May.
The OECD said many key questions about the euro zone's response to the debt crisis remain unresolved, raising doubts about even the bloc's most solid economies, as demonstrated by Germany's difficulties placing bonds with investors last week.
"What we see now is contagion rising and hitting probably Germany as well," OECD chief economist Pier Carlo Padoan said in an interview.
"So the first thing, the absolute priority, is to stop that and in the immediate the only actor that can do that is the ECB," he added, urging the central bank to commit to a creating a cap on government bond yields as a way of calming the crisis.
With the Federal Reserve already flooding the financial system with liquidity, the US central bank has even less room to act if the world's biggest economy hits a downturn. That prospect was made all the more real by the failure of Congress to agree a deficit-reduction plan, without which deep spending cuts would be triggered.
"The resulting fiscal tightening, which would come automatically, would in our view likely generate a recession in the United States," Mr Padoan said.
Provided that the Congress does reach an agreement, then the U.S economy is set to grow 1.7 per cent in 2011 and 2.0 per cent in 2012, down from May forecasts of 2.6 per cent and 3.1 per cent respectively.
With world trade growth projected to slow to 4.8 per cent in 2012 from 6.7 per cent this year, even China would not be spared a sharp slowdown, the OECD said. It forecast that growth in the emerging Asian economic power would slow to 8.5 per cent in 2012 from 9.3 per cent in 2011.
Slower global trade and confidence knocked by the euro zone's debt crisis could trip up Germany, which the OECD estimated would grow only 0.6 per cent in 2012 after a 3.0 per cent expansion in 2011. Europe's biggest economy has probably entered a shallow recession at the end of the year, the OECD said.
In a rare bright spot, the Japanese economy was seen rebounding sharply after this year's earthquake and tsunami to achieve growth of 2.0 per cent in 2012 following a contraction of 0.3 per cent in 2011.
Reuters
