Afrikaner homeland quest still on nationalist agenda

The Afrikaner nationalist quest for a separate Afrikaner state is still on the agenda more than four years after Afrikaner zealots…

The Afrikaner nationalist quest for a separate Afrikaner state is still on the agenda more than four years after Afrikaner zealots were arrested for a bombing blitz in support of that cause.

Ten of the convicted bombers have applied for amnesty to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) for their role in the onslaught, launched immediately before the watershed April 1994 election which brought President Mandela's African National Congress-led government to power.

In expressing their regret for the explosions which killed 21 people and injured 46, the 10 have abjured violence and, in some cases, bitterly accused their leaders of abandoning them.

"I am no longer interested in politics," Abie Fouie, a former commandant of the fanatical Afrikaner Weerstands beweging (AWB), says in his testimony to the TRC. "These people [Afrikaner nationalist leaders] use you like a pawn and then throw you away."

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But if the overwhelming majority of Afrikaners are no longer prepared to risk their liberty and lives for an Afrikaner homeland, or volkstaat, the cause is not without its champions. Pre-eminent among them are Gen Constand Viljoen and his lieutenants in the Freedom Front, who, in a deal struck with the ANC before the bombing blitz, agreed to champion the idea of Afrikaner self-determination through peaceful means.

The area of the envisaged volkstaat is a corridor of territory stretching from the Orange River westwards through sparsely populated, semi-arid country to the Atlantic Ocean.

Advances towards its objective achieved by Gen Viljoen's Freedom Front include two specific constitutional measures:

The establishment of a Volkstaat Council under the interim constitution of 1993 to investigate the feasibility of founding a volkstaat;

Recognition in the final constitution of 1996 that the right to self-determination of "South African people as a whole" shall not preclude the notion of the right to "self-determination within a territorial entity" of any community sharing a common cultural and language heritage.

But an element of frustration is manifesting itself in the ranks of the Freedom Front. The suspicion is growing that the ANC has no intention of allowing the volkstaat to become a reality.

The Freedom Front's problem is that its claim to speak on behalf of Afrikaners is suspect, having won a mere 400,000 votes in the 1994 election or less than 2 per cent of the total number of votes cast. The National Party, once the pre-eminent party of Afrikaners, may still claim to represent more Afrikaners than the Freedom Front.

But, significantly, the party which seems to be attracting the most disillusioned Afrikaner voters is the Democratic Party because of its outspoken criticism of the ANC-led government. Its leader, Mr Tony Leon, espouses a muscular brand of liberalism - which has won him ANC enmity - but most definitely does not subscribe to the idea of an Afrikaner volkstaat.