What is age-related macular degeneration?
AMD affects the macula at the back of the eye, which is responsible for central vision and allows you to see detail. People living with the condition will often notice a blank patch or dark spot in the centre of their sight.
This makes activities such as reading, writing and recognising small objects or faces very difficult. AMD usually starts in one eye and is likely to affect the other eye at a later stage. AMD is the leading cause of age-related blindness in the western world. It is also an increasingly common form of registered blindness in Ireland.
There are two forms of AMD:
Dry AMD is the more common form of the disease and develops slowly, eventually leading to loss of central vision.
Wet AMD is less common, but those affected by it have a greater chance of experiencing more significant sight loss.
What causes AMD?
Risk factors for AMD include age and genetics or family history so it is important to find out more about your family history and to inform family members if you have an eye condition like AMD so they can have regular eye exams.
Who is most at risk for AMD?
Persons over 75 are most at risk of developing AMD. In addition, the risk increases among:
- women (according to some studies)
- smokers
- those with a family history of AMD
- persons with elevated levels of cholesterol.
What are the symptoms of AMD?
Slightly blurred vision is the most common symptom of AMD. Wavy lines or a blind spot in the centre of the field of vision are other symptoms.
What can you do?
- Find out if there is a history of AMD in your family.
- See your optician immediately if you notice any change in your vision.
- Have a thorough eye exam every two years; early detection is vital.
- Diet is also an important factor. Certain vitamins can help to protect the macula, including organic chemicals called carotenoids, which are found in food. Fresh fruits and dark green, leafy vegetables are rich in vitamins C and E and carotenoids, including lutein and zeaxanthin, which researchers believe may help to protect the macula.
- Stop smoking to lessen your chances of developing AMD.
Source: National Council for the Blind in Ireland (NCBI)