Appointed as the State was opening up to the outside world. No new taxes were announced in Mr Ryan's April 1958 budget. But he gave minor concessions to the whiskey and cinema industries and encouragement to the self-employed and non-pensioned persons to take out pension policies. The government had expenditure of nearly £126 million and revenue of £123 million. The deficit would be made up of increases in levies, by £1.7 million and net overestimation of £1.4 million, leaving a surplus of £75,000. A White Paper was set before the Dail and Seanad later that year, "to redefine the objectives of national economic policy". Devised largely by the secretary of the Department of Finance, T.K. Whitaker, it led to the First Programme of Economic Expansion 1959-63.