A national rail strike compounded a week of traffic disruption in France.
Bus and underground workers have paralysed dozens of major cities in strikes for most of the week.
Paris was affected for the first time today, with suburban trains and long-distance and high-speed trains halted.
Five leading rail unions are striking to demand higher pay and protest a planned reshuffle of state-run train authority SNCF.
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By 6.30 a.m, there were 25 miles of traffic jams on roads into Paris, according to the Regional Road Information Centre, as commuters sought other ways to work.
SNCF officials said two out of three Eurostars to London were running, and the same number of high speed trains, were linking Paris to Brussels, Amsterdam and Cologne.
AP