Surgeons from the University of Maryland Medical Center have carried out what they said was the world's most comprehensive face transplant - allowing a 37-year-old man to emerge from behind a mask 15 years after a gun accident almost killed him.
Richard Norris of Hillsville, Virginia, was shot in the face in 1997 and lost his nose, lips and most movement in his mouth. Since then, he has had multiple life-saving and reconstructive surgeries but none could repair him to the extent where he felt he could return to society.
He wore a prosthetic nose and a mask even when entering hospital for the transplant. But last week, during a 36-hour operation, University of Maryland doctors gave him a new face from an anonymous donor whose organs saved five other patients' lives on the same day.
Six days after the surgery, he could already move his tongue and open and close his eyes and was recovering much faster than doctors expected.
"He's actually looking in the mirror shaving and brushing his teeth, which we never even expected," said Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez, associate professor of surgery at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and head of the transplant team, who spoke at a press conference.
When Mr Norris opened his eyes on the third day after the surgery with his family around him, he wanted to see a mirror.
"He put the mirror down and thanked me and hugged me," Dr Rodriguez said.
The operation follows successful face transplants in Forth Worth, Texas, and Boston, Massachusetts, last year and it seems to be the most aesthetically successful to date, according to photographs and video shared with reporters at a news conference.
Mr Norris, who is still recovering in the hospital and did not appear at the media event, is the first full face transplant recipient in the United States to retain his eyesight.
"We concealed all the lines so it would give him the most immediate best appearance with minimal touch-ups down the road," Dr Rodriguez said later in an interview.
To ensure Mr Norris would retain maximum function of his facial expressions and movements, doctors gave him a new tongue for proper speech, eating, and chewing, normally aligned teeth, and connected his nerves to allow for smiling.
Before the surgery, Mr Norris, who is unmarried and lives with his parents in a rural area, was been unable to find a job because of his appearance, a hospital spokeswoman said.
The transplant was "an amazing feat," said the dean of the School of Medicine, Dr E Albert Reece at the press conference.
"It's also an unprecedented and historic procedure that we believe will change, if you will, the face of medicine now and in the future," Dr Reece said.
About 100 doctors, scientists and other university medical staff ranging from plastic surgeons to craniofacial specialists teamed up for the operation.
The surgery involved 10 years of research funded by the Department of Defense's Office of Naval Research and will serve as a model for helping war veterans injured by improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, the university said.
Dr Rodriguez saluted the work of the teams around the world that had conducted the 22 face transplants to date, without which, he said, this operation would not have been possible.
Reuters