OPINION:There is no excuse for the latest nuclear nightmare
THE GUNG-HO nuclear industry is in deep shock. Just as it and its cheerleader, the International Atomic Energy Agency, were preparing to mark next month’s 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident with self-congratulatory statements about a safe age of clean atomic power, a series of catastrophic but entirely avoidable accidents take place in not one but three reactors in one of the world’s richest states.
Fukushima in Japan, site of (so far) two explosions and now meltdown fears following the tsunami, is not a rotting old power plant in a failed state manned by half-trained kids, but supposedly one of the safest stations in one of the most safety-conscious countries with the best engineers and technologists in the world.
Chernobyl blew up not because the reactor malfunctioned, but because an experiment to see how long safety equipment would function during shutdown went too far. In Japan, it was not the nuclear parts of the station that went wrong, but conventional ones. Pumps did not work because the power supply went down and the back-up was not there because no one thought what happened was possible.
Even though Japan had been warned many times that possibly the most dangerous place in the world to site a nuclear power station was on its coast, no one had figured on the effects of a tsunami and an earthquake on conventional technology. It’s easy to be wise afterwards, but the inquest will surely show the accident was not due to an unpredictable natural disaster, but by a series of highly predictable bad calls by human regulators.
The question now is whether the industry can be trusted anywhere. If this industry were a company, its shareholders would have deserted it years ago. In just one generation it has killed, wounded or blighted the lives of many millions of people and laid waste to millions of square miles of land. In that time it has been subsidised to the tune of trillions of dollars, and it will cost hundreds of billions more to clean up and store the messes it has caused. It has caused catastrophic failures and seen dozens of close shaves. Its workings have been marked around the world by mendacity, cover-ups and financial incompetence.
The future looks worse. The world has a generation of ageing reactors and politicians putting intense pressure on regulators to extend their use. We are planning to double worldwide electricity supply from nuclear power in the next 20 years but we have nowhere near enough experienced engineers to run the plants. We have private companies peddling new designs that are said to be safer but which are still not proven, and we have 10 new countries planning to move into civil nuclear power in the next five years.
It gets worse. More than 100 of the world’s reactors are sited in areas of high seismic activity, and many of 350 new stations are planned for the Pacific rim, where tremors, tsunamis and other natural hazards are certain to happen. We still have not worked out how to store waste, and we now know we cannot protect stations from all eventualities.
What the industry and governments cannot accept are the two immutable laws of life – Murphy’s law and the law of unintended consequences. If something can possibly go wrong, it will, eventually. It may be possible to design out technological weaknesses – but it is impossible to allow for unknown unknowns.
Next time, the disaster may have nothing to do with an earthquake or a tsunami, but be because of terrorism, climate change, a fatal error in engineering works, proliferation of plutonium or a deranged plant manager.
If there were no alternatives to nuclear power in order to light up a bulb or to reduce carbon emissions, the industry and governments might be forgiven. But when the stakes are so high, the scale is so big and there are 100 other safer ways, it seems sheer folly to take this road.
John Vidal is environment editor of the Guardiannewspaper