When Kiri Banda retired from his job as a cook in the Sri Lankan capital, Colombo, he hoped for a peaceful old age living with his son. But with his medical bills straining household finances last year, he decided it was time to move out.
“I didn’t want to be a burden,” says Banda, who spends his days begging or searching for food and sleeps on a bench in a public park.
It is an increasingly common sight since Sri Lanka plunged last year into its worst economic crisis since independence in 1948, bringing soaring food prices, medicine and fuel shortages and angry protests.
“Life is difficult in Sri Lanka, even for younger people, so how about for older people like us?” said Banda (84) as he sat hoping for change from passersby.
The government is scrambling to secure a $2.9 billion (€2.7 billion) bailout package from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), though president Ranil Wickremesinghe has warned any holdup could send the country spiralling once again.
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The crisis is also bringing specific challenges to elderly people in a country that traditionally depends heavily on families to help with their care. Many retirees lack pensions, and some families can no longer afford to look after them.
Elderly people are also facing shortages of medicines and a squeeze on funding for government welfare, including the cancellation of programmes offering free contact lenses and financial assistance for self-employed workers, both of which were specifically targeted at older groups.
The National Secretariat for Elders, the government body that implements welfare programmes for older people, is offering support, including a temporary monthly allowance for more than 650,000 people, said its director, KG Lanerolle.
“Restricting the welfare and security of Sri Lanka's elderly population to a single institution poses a major challenge given the limited resources during the current economic crisis,” he said.
Island nation Sri Lanka has the fastest-growing ageing population in south Asia. Already, about 16 per cent of its 22 million-strong population are over 60, according to the World Bank. By 2041, that will rise to one in four.
“The growth of the elder population has grown to the point where it is a social problem,” Lanerolle said.
Sri Lanka has no universal pension system. Gaps in schemes’ coverage and availability – especially among workers in the informal sector – leave many vulnerable elders without income.
Former lab technician SD Priyadasa (82) is among those not covered by a pension scheme. His savings ran out long ago, mostly spent on medical treatment for a diabetic ulcer in one of his feet.
He must walk 9km each month to get a 5,000 rupee (€12.80) handout from a long-time friend who lives in the Colombo suburb of Mount Lavinia, and shares the money with his widowed, disabled sister and her young children.
We used to work in a garment factory. We have been independent women all our lives. We don’t like to beg. But I fear that one day this help will end
“I sometimes eat one meal a day,” says Priyadasa. “All my sister and I care about are the health and education of her kids, who are still very young. I am just trying to make sure they will lead a better life than us before I close my eyes forever.”
Milran Peiris and her sister Irene, both in their early 70s, receive a monthly payment of 7,000 rupees from a better-off sibling. But soaring inflation means that it is now sufficient only to pay the rent for their one-bedroom flat.
They too must make a long trek – two kilometres each day – to reach a day care centre for the elderly managed by international charitable organisation HelpAge, which provides all their meals for free. “We used to work in a garment factory. We have been independent women all our lives. We don’t like to beg. But I fear that one day this help will end,” says Irene Peiris.
Charitable organisations say they are overwhelmed with requests. HelpAge Sri Lanka has seen a clear rise in demand for food and other help among the elderly since the economy went into meltdown, says its executive director, Samantha Liyanawaduge. It has been offering support including mobile medical units and home care services, but says the state must do more.
“We are being asked to play the role of a government. We are trying our best,” says Liyanawaduge.
The social empowerment ministry, which includes the National Secretariat for Elders, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
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Single mother Nishanthi Fernando is among those who found themselves making impossible choices during the current crisis.
Fernando runs a small grocery shop in Thalpitiya, to the south of Colombo city, and used the income to support her autistic son (12) and her father (67). Her husband walked out on her and offers no financial support.
Last year, she realised her meagre income was no longer enough for both, especially as her father’s medical expenses kept rising.
“I felt dreadful. I had only two choices – either harming myself or letting my father go,” says Fernando, who thought of killing herself due to the stress. “My son has only me. So I had to ask my father to go to an elders’ home.”
Fernando pays a small fee towards the charity shelter's costs and visits him whenever possible.
“If I had a well-paying job, I wouldn’t have sent him to a place to be cared for by strangers,” she says. “But I know elders’ homes aren’t a terrible thing. They will give him the caring that I cannot give.” – Thomson Reuters Foundation
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