Europe is at risk of suffering lasting economic damage from weak productivity and low growth, the European Central Bank's president warned on Thursday, underscoring his argument that monetary policy alone cannot end the bloc's economic malady.
The ECB has been easing policy aggressively to boost growth and inflation in recent years with little to show for its efforts, fuelling arguments that monetary policy was at its limits and governments needed to help out.
"We do not let inflation undershoot our objective for longer than is avoidable given the nature of the shocks we face," Mario Draghi told the Brussels Economic Forum.
“For others, it means devoting every effort to ensuring that output is returned to potential before subpar growth causes lasting damage.
“There are many understandable political reasons to delay structural reform, but there are few good economic ones. The cost of delay is simply too high,” he added.
The euro zone grew by just 1.6 per cent last year with much of the expansion coming from the ECB’s stimulus and growth is expected to flatline over the next several years with inflation also holding below the ECB’s target of close to 2 per cent.
Draghi said growing below potential for too long actually reduced the economy’s potency because instead of output rising towards capacity, potential would fall towards the actual output, permanently embedding low growth.
“Given the harm that has already occurred to potential growth during the crisis, it also means [a need for] acting decisively to raise potential,” Draghi said.
Singling out areas for improvement, Draghi said the euro zone was lagging behind in innovative capacity, particularly in the services sector, and needed to utilise the latent potential in the euro area labour force, which can be unleashed with appropriate labour market and activation policies.
Draghi also called on politicians to help the ECB’s bid to restore economic health to the region by accelerating reforms. “There are many understandable political reasons to delay structural reform, but there are few good economic ones,” he said. “The cost of delay is simply too high.”
After more than four years of aggressive monetary easing and unprecedented stimulus measures, the ECB is still far short of its inflation goal and is facing growing criticism over its effectiveness of its policies and the financial-stability risks they may create.
The comments reflect increasing concern that governments are undermining the ECB’s policies by holding back on reforms, and consequently hurting its credibility.
Draghi said fiscal policy should not work against monetary policy by curbing aggregate demand, and should be seen as a microeconomic tool to enhance growth.
He also called for measures to increase workforce participation and to improve productivity, and said the economic and monetary union must urgently be completed.
“If other policies are not aligned with monetary policy, inflation risks returning to our objective at a slower pace,” he said. “I will only note once more the critical need to restore clarity and confidence on the institutional setup of the euro area. We know that the current setup is incomplete.”
Other ECB policy makers speaking on Thursday reiterated the message. Francois Villeroy de Galhau, the Bank of France governor, said at the same forum that the euro area suffers from a “trust issue among countries.”
He urged that separate reforms to improve private and public investment be better coordinated, and that the currency bloc should eventually aim for a full fiscal union with a finance minister.
Ignazio Visco, who heads Italy’s central bank, said at a conference in Paris that monetary policy “cannot be left alone” to support the economic recovery.
