What are these three fox cubs doing on the roof of my shed?

Éanna Ní Lamhna on a finch nest, the great pond snail and water-skating insects

Fox cubs. Photograph supplied by Rachael Varah
Fox cubs. Photograph supplied by Rachael Varah

Here is a picture of three sunbathing foxes on my shed roof in Drimnagh. Rachel Varah, Dublin

These are probably three sibling cubs for whom your garden and shed roof are part of their territory. Foxes live in family groups that consist of an adult male, a breeding vixen, and maybe one or two adult non-breeding females who are related to the resident female and who stay to help rear the cubs. Dublin has a very high density of breeding foxes. These cubs will have been sent on their way by now and resident dominant pair will soon be vociferously courting and mating again.

Chaffinch nest. Photograph supplied by Olivia Goodwillie
Chaffinch nest. Photograph supplied by Olivia Goodwillie

We are a bit stumped by this nest, which we recently discovered in a very young cornus bush in our garden. It was quite exposed and low to the ground at 1.4m. It was 8.5cm diameter and 4.5cm in depth, and made of sheep’s wool and very fine fibres that look like roots. It is not lined as the whole thing is made of the same soft material. Olivia Goodwillie, Kilkenny

According to Niall Hatch of Birdwatch Ireland, the overall construction of the nest and, especially, the fact that it has been lined with wool indicates that it belongs to a pair of finches, most likely chaffinches. These are one of the most abundant and widespread breeding bird species in Ireland. They rear one brood of four or five chicks per year; the nesting season is from mid-April to the end of May.

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Great pond snail. Photograph supplied by Roisin McLaughlin
Great pond snail. Photograph supplied by Roisin McLaughlin

What type is snail is this? Roisin McLaughlin

This is most likely Lymnea stagnalis, the great pond snail. You do not give any dimensions and it has its back – as it were – to the camera so that I can’t see the opening. But these snails are dextral, which means they are coiled clockwise, and the top of their spire is darker in colour. They live in freshwater ponds and feed on plant material there.

Juvenile wheatear. Photograph supplied by Eoin O’Flynn
Juvenile wheatear. Photograph supplied by Eoin O’Flynn

My wife and I were on a cruise. On September 30th we were entering the English Channel close to Brest, where we noticed this little bird, which had hitched a ride on our balcony. Any idea what type of bird it was? It was approximately the size of a robin. Eoin O’Flynn

This is a juvenile wheatear, a common summer visitor to Ireland from Africa. Wheatears are ground nesting and breed here mainly on rough pasture lands grazed by sheep, sometimes building their nests in convenient rabbit burrows. The young are not as brightly coloured as their parents, but they share the large white patch on the rump and tail that gives the species its name (“wheatear”, of course, is from the old English for “white-arse”). These small songbirds are long-distance migrants, and this youngster would just have set off on its first ever journey to sub-Saharan Africa. Were you coming or going on your cruise when the bird landed?

Water insects. Photograph supplied by Chris Fitzpatrick
Water insects. Photograph supplied by Chris Fitzpatrick

It was fantastic to see these Irish single scull Olympic hopefuls in an early-morning training session on the Dodder (no doubt dreaming of LA), with some highly impressive junior rowers. Chris Fitzpatrick, Dublin

Well, it is one way to describe the movement of these pond-skating water insects. They actually have six legs, as all insects do, but the first small pair are held out in front along with the antennae and are used to catch small insect prey trapped on the water surface. They use the middle pair for “rowing” and can move them exceedingly fast, as the video from which this still was taken, shows. Slow-moving clean water is where they live.

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Éanna Ní Lamhna

Éanna Ní Lamhna

Éanna Ní Lamhna, a biologist, environmentalist, broadcaster, author and Irish Times contributor, answers readers' queries in Eye on Nature each week