The Government needs to stick to an adjustment of €2 billion in the budget as any “backtracking on planned adjustments could suggest a worrying weakening of the commitment to the new fiscal framework”, the chair of the Fiscal Advisory Council has said.

Professor John McHale, who is professor of economics at NUI Galway said recent healthy Exchequer returns and national account figures had increased the likelihood that the target can be met with an adjustment of less than €2 billion in Budget 2015.

Speaking at the MacGill summer school in Glenties, Co Donegal, he said substantial risks remained, however, notably in relation to the prospects for domestic demand.

“Yet this nominal deficit target is just one element of the fiscal framework that has put in place.

" Ireland has also undertaken to pursue an adjustment path for the deficit adjusted for cyclical and once-off factors."

Prof McHale said this path for the ‘structural deficit’ was closely related to the long-planned budgetary adjustment of €2 billion for Budget 2015.

“If anything, the planned path of the structural deficit is the more fundamental feature of the new framework, and will become the main focus after 2015.

“Following the bailout programme exit and recent elections, any backtracking on planned adjustments could suggest a worrying weakening of the commitment to the new fiscal framework.”

The Fiscal Advisory Council is designed to act as a counter to political pressures on the Government to adopt unwise economic policies.

Separately, the former secretary general of the Department of Finance said it had now built up a much better risk function in recent years since the financial collapse and there was now a "much more robust extra line of defence".

John Moran the important thing was that people were now "not afraid to ask the stupid questions".

Speaking in a personal capacity, told the Dublin Chamber economic session that what had originally exposed the fragility of our economy in 2008 was an activity outside Ireland.

“Lehman did not cause our problems - it exposed our problems,” he said.

It was important that we understand and think about the external events.

We now had some very good news on the international front and the “dangerous tail risks” were dissipating.

But Mr Moran said he saw “quite a lot of risks” on the horizon and we needed to think about the hard decisions we were going to have to make in the next 12 to 18 months.

Focusing on a number of risks that remained for the economy, Mr Moran said: “It’s not plain sailing out there. A lot of stuff is outside our control and we just need to make sure that we have protected ourselves and worked through to put ourselves in a stronger position again.”

Mr Moran said it was also going to be a “particular challenge” for the ECB to try and keep down European interest rates.

There was also the challenge of complacency - we had to finish the job of reform in Europe. Banking union had to take place and we had to do a proper stress test and sort out our own situation in Ireland.

In addition, the UK was going to be making some very important decisions that would affect us.

He said he believed we had “significantly turned a corner” but we had to make sure we did not “lose the prize” he said.

But he said it was important that not to focus on just the economic path. We also had to create a moder, “properly tolerant” and open society and not go back into some of the practices we had before. He also said the debate on taxation, including on issues such as the “low” level of house taxes and the issue of water charges was going to need a “considerable amount of maturity”.

A former director of credit institutions with the Central Bank said delivering tax breaks in the budget was not collectively in our medium or long-term interests.

Fiona Muldoon said borrowing more under our current debt levels "may silence those lobbyists looking for a short-term result for their particular constitutency; it may even deliver very short-term relief for some hard pressed lucky few".

“It will undoubtedly make for an easier political term for an elected government but it is not I believe collectively in our medium or long term interests.

“And when it cannot be delivered on sustainably, it will need to be reversed. The hard slog is not over. We are simply not there yet,” she said.

Shay Cody, general secretary of the Impact trade union, said there was "an urgent need for Government intervention in the housing market".

The housing rent increases in the Dublin area were averaging 20 to 30 per cent and most working people could not afford to keep pace with these increases.

Sharp rental increases would inevitably seep into wage bargaining, as happened in the period 2002-2008. Mr Cody said private tenants must be given security of up to a five-year lease.

The absence of a national wage policy and a forum for wage policy discussion was also a threat to economic well-being.

“Despite the terrible mistakes made by the troika and the Government, we are now seeing the first indications of recovery translating into the beginnings of pay movement in parts of the private sector,” Mr Cody said.

“This is happening company by company.”

He said it was too early to consider any national agreement.

“But we will eventually need a national framework for productivity and wage movement in the environment of a single currency and global competition.”

The summer school continued its commemoration of the late Seamus Heaney with readings from poet Paul Durcan and poet, critic and broadcaster Tom Paulin.