Britain’s high streets are heaving with shoppers despite June’s shock vote to leave the EU, big companies have reported few signs of distress and some tabloid newspapers are even talking about a post-Brexit economic boom.
The overwhelming view from economists is that it is too early to know how Britain will cope with years of Brexit uncertainty but there is a growing belief the country can avoid a recession that only weeks ago was regarded as likely.
On the face of it, the early optimism contrasts with the pre-referendum warning from former prime minister David Cameron that a Brexit vote would put a "bomb under the economy".
Retail sales in August reversed much of an immediate post-Brexit-vote fall, with retailers reporting their strongest sales in six months, industry data showed on Thursday, partly because a weaker pound attracted overseas buyers. Official figures out last week showed the number of people claiming unemployment benefit fell unexpectedly in July.
Before the June 23rd referendum, the British finance ministry had warned a Brexit vote would mean homeowners facing higher borrowing costs, pushing the economy into a “DIY recession”, and that equity prices were likely to fall. However, nearly half of mortgage borrowers look set to gain from the Bank of England’s interest rate cut on August 4th, while British equity markets have risen.
Some British newspapers which supported the Leave campaign have hailed such news. "Remainers were WRONG!" the Daily Express declared earlier this month, adding: "Brexit Britain booms."
Caution
But most economists do not share this jubilance and caution these positive signals may have little bearing on the long-term outlook for the economy, which must contend with years of uncertainty as Britain extricates itself from the EU.
New British prime minister Theresa May has said she will not trigger the EU's Article 50 this year, to begin formal talks with the bloc to negotiate the terms of Britain's exit from the EU and its future trading relationship with the bloc.
"The fact that the UK avoided an immediate crisis does not tell us much about the future," said Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg Bank, adding he thought Britain would probably avoid a technical recession – defined as two consecutive quarters of falling economic output.
Business surveys and some forward-looking indicators of inflation already offer reasons for caution. Price pressures in factories – which feed through into consumer prices – shot higher after the pound’s post-referendum plunge, posing a threat to consumers’ future spending power.
Market research firm GfK’s gauge of consumer confidence also fell sharply after the vote. The survey often predicts changes in household spending in the following quarters.
A YouGov/CEBR gauge of consumer morale, published on Friday, showed consumers have regained some of the confidence they lost after the referendum, but researchers warned this positive trend could easily change next year.
The outlook for the housing market, the bedrock of British consumer wealth, is also unclear: a Reuters poll on Thursday suggested the Brexit vote will have a negative impact on both prices and turnover.
Charles Goodhart, a former BoE interest-rate setter, said so far there had been almost no data on important areas of the economy such as investment, inventory levels and construction. "I think it would be very dangerous to take a position either that it's all going to be alright and that the fears were massively overdone, or that the fears were justified," said Goodhart, a professor at the London School of Economics, said. "The answer is, frankly: we don't know."
FTSE 100 is up
While the mood among economists remains one of concern, it has brightened across financial markets. Investors were braced for a global economic shock after a vote for Brexit, but the FTSE 100 index of UK blue-chip companies is about 8 per cent higher since the referendum, helped by overseas earnings that will benefit from the fall in the value of the pound.
The more domestically focused FTSE 250 index of mid-sized companies is up by about 5 per cent. Many big companies have reported little immediate impact from the vote in Britain, including retailers John Lewis and Next, the world's biggest staffing company Adecco and carmaker BMW.
Some major employers – carmaker Nissan, for example – say their plans for investment in Britain will hinge on the trade deals it strikes with other countries. Martin Sorrell, chief executive of the world's largest advertising group WPP, said there was little clarity on when Britain would even begin negotiating its EU exit and that his company's clients were increasingly cautious. "Our own position will depend on what gets negotiated," he told Reuters.
The pound's fall since the referendum – it was down almost 15 per cent at one point versus the dollar – has benefited some companies; it has boosted manufacturers' exports, for example. But it also reflects the weaker outlook for the economy. "In essence, the currency markets are saying that all UK assets are worth less than they used to be," Rupert Pennant-Lea, a former Band of England deputy governor, wrote in the Financial Times. "The British have become poorer than they were before the votes were counted on June 23rd, and that reality will become clearer as the months go by."
But investors, responding to the recent upbeat data, have cut their bets against a weaker pound this week, which has helped lift the currency. Sterling has started to edge higher against major currencies, but it remains around 11 per cent lower against the dollar than before the referendum, underscoring how investors see the challenge ahead for Britain’s economy.
– Reuters
