Julian Assange faces extradition to the United States and up to five years in jail after his arrest at the Ecuadorian embassy in London on Thursday morning.
US authorities have indicted the WikiLeaks founder on conspiracy charges relating to one of the biggest ever leaks of government secrets in 2010.
They allege that Mr Assange (47) helped former US army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning to crack a password for computers at the Pentagon, enabling her to leak a massive haul of official documents.
Amid the growing row over whether Mr Assange should be extradited, these are the issues involved in the legal battle ahead.
What happens next?
Following his arrest on a provisional arrest warrant, the United States has 65 days to submit a full extradition warrant together with an affidavit stating what the charges will be, human rights lawyer Karen Todner said.
His legal team will raise objections and submit arguments on what bars there are to extradition before a full hearing in front of a district judge at Westminster Magistrates’ Court, which is likely to take a number of days.
How can he fight extradition?
Ms Todner said lawyers could argue “political motivation” in relation to the process, or say Mr Assange’s mental health has been harmed after living in confined conditions over the past seven years.
She suggested Article 3 of the Human Rights Act — that no one should be subjected to “inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment” — could be used if he faces charges carrying a sentence of life imprisonment without parole, while lawyers are also likely to challenge US prison conditions.
Rebecca Niblock, an extradition specialist and partner at law firm Kingsley Napley, said Mr Assange’s most obvious argument is that he would not face a fair trial in the US, which would be a breach of his human rights.
Other possible arguments could include his “speciality rights” — that he could face further charges once extradited — or whether the alleged offence was committed in the UK, she said.
What are his chances of success?
Ms Niblock said: “I think he’s got a chance, but I think it’s going to be very, very difficult for him, and I can’t see him being successful.
“He has worn down the patience of the judiciary by hiding in the Ecuadorian embassy for seven years.
“I feel quite confident that the judiciary will have to be impartial, but if there was any good will, it’s been exhausted.”
Ms Todner said: “It’s really difficult to say. I think he’s got a strong argument in relation to political motivation, but whether or not a British court will go for that is uncertain.
“He didn’t seem to receive a very sympathetic hearing yesterday.”
Can Assange challenge the judge’s decision?
Both sides have the right to appeal the judge’s decision to the High Court. Mr Assange could then appeal to the Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights.
Who has successfully fought extradition in the past?
Last year, the High Court overturned the decision to extradite Lauri Love to the US over allegations he hacked US government computer networks.
Judges said the extradition of Mr Love, who has Asperger’s “would be oppressive by reason of his physical and mental condition”.
His case bore similarities to that of Gary McKinnon, another alleged cyber-hacker with Asperger’s, who eventually had his extradition blocked by then Home Secretary Theresa May in 2012 following a decade-long legal battle.
She later announced changes to the law that transferred powers away from the Home Secretary to the courts.
Can the government block Assange’s extradition?
According to Ms Todner, who represented Mr Love and Mr McKinnon, the answer is no.
“Following the case of Gary McKinnon, Theresa May severely limited the powers of the Secretary of State to prevent extradition,” she said.
“Also, though the Secretary of State does have very limited powers to interfere, I don’t see that discretion being used.”
The home secretary can block extradition to countries where the death penalty may be used, but Ms Todner said the US would likely make assurances that capital punishment would not be on the table in Mr Assange’s case.
Ms Niblock agreed that it was unlikely ministers could do anything to stop his extradition following the change in the law.
“It’s very difficult for the government to interfere in the extradition process now,” she added.
How long will it take?
Ms Niblock said there will be pressure to deal with the case as quickly as possible but is likely to take around a year to 18 months to resolve.
“But it could possibly be longer. It’s possible to draw things out if you need to,” she said.
Mr Assange will have to serve his sentence for breaching his bail conditions in the UK before being extradited, but any time he spends in a British prison after that on remand will be taken off any sentence in the US.
Ms Todner said another potential delay could be if Sweden decides to issue a further arrest warrant in relation to the alleged rape incident in the country. – PA
