What is an arthroscopy? My orthopaedic surgeon says I need one and mentioned something about a camera being put inside my knee. I don't really fancy the thought of that.
An arthroscopy is a visual examination of the interior of a joint, most commonly the knee. Using a specially designed fibre-optic endoscope called an arthroscope, the device is passed through a tube that has been inserted into the joint cavity.
Because the arthroscope has a light source it is possible for the doctor to see the interior of the joint and locate mechanical problems. During the procedure the doctor can also perform surgery or remove a sample of tissue for analysis. The test is usually performed to detect or diagnose a joint disorder, to monitor disease progression or to perform joint surgery.
What exactly happens during the procedure and is it likely to be painful?
Arthroscopies can be performed under local, spinal or general anaesthetic depending on the needs and medical status of the individual patient. If surgery during the procedure is anticipated then a general anaesthetic is usual.
If this is the case you will be asked to fast from the night before and just prior to the test you may be given a sedative to relax you.
The area around the knee will be shaved and prepared before a narrow tube is inserted into the capsule of the knee joint.
When this is in place the arthroscope is inserted and the doctor will examine the joint. Once the procedure is completed, the tube is removed and gentle pressure applied to the knee.
The incision site will be dressed and once recovered from the anaesthetic you will be advised to avoid excessive use of the joint for a couple of days.
Driving after the procedure is not recommended so make sure you have alternative transport arrangements for your return home.
How risky is the procedure?
Although complications are rare, every invasive test or treatment has inherent risks.
Apart from those associated with a general anaesthetic, complications associated with arthroscopy include infection, swelling, blood clot, numbness and injury to the joint itself.
However, the procedure is invariably very safe especially when performed by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon.