Massive Aztec human skull rack found in Mexico City

Find could shed new light on how human sacrifice used to proect power

Skulls are partially unearthed at the Templo Mayor Aztec ruin site in Mexico City. Photograph: Hector Montano/Institute of Anthropology and History
Skulls are partially unearthed at the Templo Mayor Aztec ruin site in Mexico City. Photograph: Hector Montano/Institute of Anthropology and History

Archeologists have discovered a massive ceremonial skull rack from the heyday of the Aztec empire in the heart of Mexico City, a find that could shed new light on how its rulers projected power by human sacrifice.

The skull rack, known as a tzompantli in the Nahuatl language of the Aztecs, was used to display the bleached white craniums of sacrificed warriors from rival kingdoms, likely killed by priests atop towering temples that once stood nearby.

Dug up behind the capital’s colonial-era cathedral, the as yet partially uncovered skull rack was likely built between 1485 and 1502 and may have been about 34m long and 12m wide, lead archeologist Raul Barrera of Mexico’s Institute of Anthropology and History said.

Raul Barrera, an archaeologist from the National Institute of Anthropology and History  speaks to the media at  news conference as a picture of a skull that was discovered at the ruins of the Templo Mayor Aztec complex is seen above him.  Photograph: Henry Romero/Reuters
Raul Barrera, an archaeologist from the National Institute of Anthropology and History speaks to the media at news conference as a picture of a skull that was discovered at the ruins of the Templo Mayor Aztec complex is seen above him. Photograph: Henry Romero/Reuters

Hundreds of skulls would have been arranged neatly on the wooden poles of the racks, which served to inspire fear and awe.

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“The tzompantli had a very specific symbolism,” Dr Barrera told reporters. “With more study, we expect to learn that many of these skulls belong to (Aztec) enemies, who were captured, sacrificed and decapitated in order to be displayed there.”

The Aztecs ruled a sprawling empire that at its height stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean before the Spanish conquest of 1519-1521.

Reuters