For US troops posted in the dusty flatlands of northern Syria, the Palace of the Princes restaurant in Manbij offered a pleasant place to stop for grilled chicken, french fries or its locally renowned shawarma sandwich.
The Americans liked the food so much that they dropped in frequently, often many times a week, residents said. Visiting officials were welcomed to red booths and water pipes; two US senators dined there in July.
"They stop here for chicken and shawarma whenever they have a patrol in the city," said Jassim al-Khalaf (37), who sells vegetables nearby. "People here are used to it, so it's not a new thing to see them." The jihadis of the Islamic State terror group noticed, too, dispatching a suicide bomber who blew himself up at the restaurant last Wednesday, killing at least 15 people, including four Americans: two service members, a defence department civilian and a military contractor.
That attack, in a Syrian town celebrated as an American-backed island of stability, raised troubling questions about whether the US military had developed a false sense of security in a conflict zone, where avoiding predictable routines like a regular lunch spot can be a matter of life and death.
Several current and former special operations personnel, as well as other US officials who had worked in the region, said last week that Islamic State, also known as Isis, had exploited a vulnerability. "Isis saw a target of opportunity, but they should have had better force protection," a special operations officer said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
A former senior officer, also speaking on condition of anonymity, said Islamic State “will attack Americans anywhere and anytime they sense an opportunity”.
The officials acknowledged that the dead and wounded, who included at least one Green Beret, had grown complacent and should have varied their patrol routes or increased their operational security. “The illusion of safety has always been a problem in northeast Syria,” said one US official working in the region.
Military presence
It was an easy lapse to fall into in Manbij, a small city in northeastern Syria near the border with Turkey. An American-led Kurdish-Arab coalition drove Islamic State out of the city in mid-2016 and set up US-backed local councils who ran the place.
After Turkey threatened to invade early last year to drive out Kurdish forces, which Turkey considers terrorist, the United States started running patrols from bases in the olive groves near town to keep one ally, Turkey, from attacking another, the Kurds.
The military presence made Manbij deceptively peaceful. On a July visit, a delegation of US military leaders and senators wore no body armour as they walked through a crowded marketplace there, surveying stalls hawking spices, gold jewellery, olive soap and fresh chicken.
"Pretty cool," said Lt Gen Paul E Funk II, then commander of coalition forces fighting in Iraq and Syria, "This is what stability looks like. This is what winning looks like."
From there, the group, including Republican senator Lindsey Graham and Democratic senator Jeanne Shaheen, strolled to the Palace of Princes for lunch with local leaders. "We had a very good tour and a terrific lunch," Graham said afterward. Manbij, he said, was "a place of hope in a region that needs more hope."
The restaurant’s owner, Ali Saleh al-Yousef, also saw Manbij as a bright spot in a war-ravaged country. In a recent local TV interview, he said he left the city when Islamic State took over and returned only once it was safe again. “We wish all the provinces in Syria could be like Manbij,” he said. “Because now Manbij has become an example.”
A two-story restaurant on a crowded downtown street, the Palace of Princes served meat grilled over charcoal, rotisserie chicken, shawarma and other dishes that made it a favourite stop for US soldiers on patrol. Sometimes they would drop in to get sandwiches to go before rumbling back to their bases outside town, residents said.
Other times, they would park their armored vehicles in front and get a table. If the Americans gave any thought to the cardinal importance of varying one’s routines in a war zone to make it harder for enemies to plan attacks, it was not reflected in their eating habits.
"I know that whenever they went to the city because there was a patrol or a mission, they'd pass by that restaurant," said Shervan Darwish, spokesman for the Manbij Military Council, which works closely with the United States.
On Wednesday last , one such patrol dropped in for a late lunch. Cars were double-parked in front of the restaurant and the sidewalks were full of people visiting the nearby vegetable market, according to residents and surveillance footage posted online.
Dead and wounded
A suicide bomber mixed into the crowd and detonated his explosive vest near the restaurant entrance. A fireball erupted in front of the restaurant, yanking down its sign, toppling the rotisserie chicken machine and leaving the dead and wounded scattered in the street, according to witnesses and videos posted online.
"We saw civilians on the ground, kids, soldiers, fire still blazing in the shop," said Ahmed Himo, a local journalist. "It was a terrible scene."
Ahmad Sulaiman (12) was passing the restaurant on the way to his grandfather's house when the blast happened. "When I passed, there was the man who makes the shawarma sandwiches," Ahmad said while being treated for leg injuries in a hospital. "Then fire flashed and disappeared and the man was no longer there."
While rescue workers rushed the wounded to the hospital, three helicopters appeared in the sky, Himo said. One tried to land in the street but it was too narrow, so it landed on a football field nearby. The dead and wounded Americans were taken there and flown away.
Military officials said one of the American service members killed was an Army soldier and the other a Navy sailor, both enlisted personnel. The civilian was a Defense Intelligence Agency employee and the contractor was an interpreter. At least one of the four, the sailor, was a woman, the officials said.
Three of the Americans killed in the attack have been named as army chief warrant officer Jonathan Farmer (37), from Florida; navy chief cryptologic technician Shannon Kent (35), from upstate New York; and Scott Wirtz, a civilian Department of Defense employee from St Louis. The fourth American killed was a contractor working for a private company.
Three other US service members were wounded, a military official said. Until last week, just two US service members had been killed in Syria.
Allied aircraft bombed a mosque on Thursday that Islamic State had used as a command centre in Safafiyah, Syria, in the Middle Euphrates River Valley, the Pentagon said. It was unclear if the air strike was in response to the attack in Manbij, many kilometres to the northwest, or, more likely, a target of opportunity.
Manbij was in shock after the attack, residents said, struggling to deal with the aftermath of the bombing and their town's uncertain future should US president Donald Trump make good on his promise to withdraw US troops. Turkey has talked about invading. The Syrian government and its Russian and Iranian allies want the territory back. And Islamic State has proved it still has the ability to strike.
Confusion
The attack added fuel to the debate over the ever-shifting US mission in eastern Syria, and Trump's plans to bring troops home. While Trump and, as recently as last Wednesday, vice president Mike Pence, insisted that Islamic State had been defeated, a range of American officials, including many of Trump's allies, have said the attack proved otherwise and that leaving Syria could allow the jihadis to come roaring back.
Darwish, of the local military council, said that whether the United States ultimately withdrew or not, the confusion over US policy had emboldened the jihadis. “Isis benefits from the tense atmosphere, the murky situation, the recent statements, the decision to withdraw and the tweets from all over,” he said. “That has made the region unstable, and all of that helps Isis to bring itself back together.”
He said an American withdrawal would leave a vacuum the jihadis would be well positioned to exploit. “Isis will benefit,” he said. But the deaths, in a part of Syria few Americans have heard of, also fuelled calls to remove the United States from another murky Middle Eastern battlefield.
"The real danger is that these attacks will lead Trump and company to bow to the pressure of the Syria Washington hawks who are already saying that unless America stays, it will be portrayed as weak," said Aaron David Miller, a former Middle East analyst at the State Department. "This is a prescription for another forever war." – New York Times
