A new wave of bombs struck Syria's eastern Ghouta district on Friday, witnesses said, ahead of a UN Security Council vote to demand a 30-day ceasefire to end one of the deadliest bombing campaigns of the seven-year-old civil war.
For a sixth straight day, warplanes flown by government forces and their allies pounded the densely populated enclave east of Damascus, the last rebel bastion near the capital. The civilian casualties and devastation there are among the worst in Syria since the government captured rebel-held parts of Aleppo in intense fighting in 2016.
At least 462 people have been killed, including at least 99 children, and many hundreds injured, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitoring group said. Syrian state media reported one person was killed and 58 injured from rebel shelling of sites in Damascus, including a hospital.
In New York, the 10 elected members of the security council told reporters they were united in favour of the draft resolution for a cessation of hostilities in Syria and wanted it approved on Friday.
A vote scheduled for 4pm was postponed until later in the day amid a flurry of last-minute negotiations on the text drafted by Sweden and Kuwait. "We're still working on the language of some of the paragraphs, but we're almost there," Kuwait's UN ambassador Mansour Ayyad Al-Otaibi said. "Hopefully we're so close to adopting this resolution today."
But all eyes were on Russia, and whether President Bashar al-Assad’s veto-wielding ally would support the resolution, block it, or seek to water it down. Passage of the resolution could clear the way for aid deliveries and medical evacuations.
Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov said earlier on Friday that Moscow wanted guarantees that rebel fighters will not shoot at residential areas in Damascus. German chancellor Angela Merkel and French president Emmanuel Macron asked Russian president Vladimir Putin to support the security council resolution.
Dr Merkel, speaking in Brussels, said they wanted Mr Putin to “do everything possible” to get it adopted on Friday. Previous ceasefires have a poor record of ending fighting in Syria, and Moscow has a history of blocking security council measures that would harm Mr Assad’s interests.
Coveney comments
Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney described the conflict in eastern Ghouta as a “crime against humanity” as he urged Russia to heed international calls and vote in favour of the UN resolution.
“This is a shocking, probably crime against humanity or a war crime that we’re talking about,” he said during a visit to Washington yesterday. “This is about civilians been targeted as part of a bombardment of a built-up area. We know that over 400 people have been killed over the last few days, many of them children and women.”
Mr Coveney, who held a series of meetings in the United Nations headquarters in New York earlier this week as part of Ireland’s bid to secure a seat on the UN Security Council in 2020 and 2021, also said there were signs that the bombardment intensified on Friday in anticipation of a possible ceasefire.
“These are the kind of things that the UN Security Council needs to step up and intervene on,” he said. He called on Russia to “listen to what the international community is asking of them and demanding of them”.
Surrendering strongholds
Syria’s government has often used the tactic of pushing rebels to surrender their strongholds after long sieges and military offensives. Insurgents in eastern Ghouta have vowed not to accept such a fate, ruling out an evacuation of fighters, their families and other civilians of the kind that ended rebellion in Aleppo and Homs after heavy bombardment in earlier years.
“We refuse categorically any initiative that includes getting the residents out of their homes and moving them elsewhere,” Ghouta rebel factions wrote in a letter to the security council on Friday.
Eastern Ghouta has 400,000 people spread over a larger area than other enclaves the government has recaptured. Late on Thursday, government aircraft dropped leaflets urging civilians to depart and hand themselves over to the Syrian army, marking corridors through which they could leave safely.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said government planes and artillery hit Douma, Zamalka and other towns across the enclave in the early hours of Friday. There was no immediate comment from the Syrian military.
Medical charities say more than a dozen hospitals have been hit, making it nearly impossible to treat the wounded. A witness in Douma who asked not to be identified said by telephone that the early morning bombing was the most intense so far. Another resident, in the town of Hamouriyeh, said the assault had continued “like the other days.”
“Whenever the bombing stops for some moments, the civil defence vehicles go out to the targeted places. They work to remove the debris from the road,” Bilal Abu Salah said.
The Civil Defence there said its rescuers rushed to help the wounded after strikes on Hamouriyeh and Saqba. The emergency service, which operates in rebel territory, says it has pulled out hundreds of people from under rubble in recent days.
Rebel shelling
Damascus and Moscow say they only target militants. They have said their main aim is to stop rebel shelling of the capital, and have accused insurgents in Ghouta of holding residents as human shields.
Hamza Birqdar, the military spokesman for the Jaish al-Islam rebel faction, said it had thwarted nine attacks by pro-government militias trying to storm a front in the southeast of Ghouta.
The towns and farms of eastern Ghouta have been under government siege since 2013, with shortages of food, water and electricity that worsened last year. The UN envoy for Syria has pleaded for a truce to prevent a "massacre". Staffan de Mistura renewed his call on Friday to stop both the "horrific heavy bombardment" of besieged eastern Ghouta and indiscriminate mortar shelling of Damascus.
The resolution being considered by the security council does not cover Islamic State, al-Qaeda or the Nusra Front, which Moscow and Damascus say they have targeted in eastern Ghouta. – Reuters, Additional reporting Suzanne Lynch