Imagine you are a female athlete and you are receiving hormone treatment for fertility issues and have not been able to have children. The treatment requires taking hormones which will ensure your next urine specimen will test positive.

Imagine you are a male hockey player and you have been diagnosed with cancer. The treatment is encouraging and you have a good chance of surviving. But the drugs required are on the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) list as being prohibited. If you take them you will test positive.

In both instances athletes can seek a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE), whereby they are assessed by doctors and a rational decision made on the basis of their condition.

Hackers

Then imagine that computer hackers break into the

WADA

medical files and release documents that reveal the infertility and the cancer and put those details into the public domain. This has already happened and American gold medal-winning gymnast

Simone Biles

recently found herself having to tell the world that she suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Eight months ago Irish Olympic marathon runner Paul Pollock fractured a bone in his foot that required a steroid injection to aid the recovery process. Pollock works as a doctor in the A&E department of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast and took an injection into the joint of one of his metatarsals. He requested and received a TUE.

In Rio he produced a strong finish over the 26 miles, moving up 64 places over the second half of the race to claim 32nd spot in a time of 2:16.24.

The TUEs are, he says, useful. But since the ‘Fancy Bear’ hackers also released the details of cyclist Bradley Wiggins, which appeared to suggest his TUEs held a strategic importance to the races he was targeting, their credibility has been questioned.

“With any system in place it is open to interpretation and open to corruption. But you definitely have to have a system in place,” says Pollock. “I think I was justified (in using a TUE). Medical professionals said this is the injection you need to have. I did have a steroid injection into one of my feet. I had broken one of my metatarsals and was trying to get it healed. There are cases when you do get injured and when you do need to take certain banned substances. You want to declare that. You want to be open and honest and that’s where the TUEs comes into it.

Rigorous

“It is quite a rigorous process and you have to go through a number of steps. But obviously if you encounter a situation where there are professionals who maybe want the athlete to perform better, then it is open to corruption. That is something they want to look at.

“In the public eye there is a view of all these TUEs, athletes are taking advantage of them . . . there’s doping. I think a lot more work needs to be done to convince the public that the performances they are viewing are genuine. At the minute that is obviously not the case.”

The releasing of private records of athletes, he says, goes against the fundamental principles of medicine, the foundation stone that patients own their files. He does not believe athletes should be put under pressure to make records available to the public. “As a medical doctor we are taught pretty much from day one that it’s all about patient confidentiality,” he says. “Medical notes are the patient’s notes and it is up to them to be released. So for someone else, for whatever the reason, to come in and take somebody’s medical notes and release them is wrong. Even if they have good intentions you have to say that is not your information to have.”

While Wiggins is the obvious suspect, the direct connection between the consumption of banned products and peaks in performance has not been made in other athletes named in the ‘Fancy Bear’ leaks.

Doping

The motive appears to be to undermine the global doping system and not a wiki leak-style assault aimed at unearthing wrongdoing by athletes.

Pollock also believes that if athletes wish to take prohibited substances, the TUE route would not be the most sensible one to take. “I think it is very unlikely you would go down a TUE route if you are doping,” he says.

Whether that’s the case or not, the leaks may have opened up a new arena of legal cheating.