At the World Cup in Qatar, Iran’s soccer players on Monday declined to sing their country’s national anthem. In Tehran, two well-known actors were arrested over the weekend for defiantly removing their headscarves. And at least nine prominent Iranians were summoned for questioning for daring to criticise authorities.
High-profile Iranians are increasingly making public gestures of support for the protests that have gripped the country for the past two months, posting photographs and messages critical of the government on social media or flouting the country’s strict hijab laws.
In perhaps the most dramatic display, televised around the world, Iran’s national football team stood silently as the national anthem was played before a game against England on Monday, while some Iran fans in the stands sang the pre-revolutionary national anthem instead.
Fans carrying pre-revolutionary flags – viewed as a symbol of protest against Iran’s theocratic government – were barred from entering the stadium in Qatar on Monday for the Iranian team’s opening match against England unless they surrendered them. At least one fan held up a “Woman! Life! Freedom!” sign during the match, and some Iranian fans could be heard chanting “without honour” – both slogans adopted by protesters in Iran to condemn the Iranian regime and security forces.
The displays at the World Cup highlighted the extent to which many prominent Iranians, including artists, musicians and athletes, have publicly come out in support of the protest movement.
Anger over the country’s dress restrictions for women and their enforcement helped fuel the protests. They were sparked by the death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Iranian Kurdish woman, in the custody of the morality police in September after she was accused of violating the law on headscarves. But they have morphed into broader calls to end the Islamic Republic.
[ Iran players remain silent for national anthem in apparent support for protestsOpens in new window ]
Some 15,000 Iranians have been arrested and several hundred killed after two months of protests and a heavy crackdown by authorities in dozens of cities across Iran, according to rights groups.
Many high-profile Iranians, among them musicians, artists and journalists, have been targeted by authorities for coming out in support of the protesters, in what appears to be an effort to undercut the momentum of the largely leaderless movement.
Two prominent actors, Hengameh Ghaziani and Katayoun Riahi, were arrested Sunday for removing their headscarves and participating in the protests, according to state-run news media. The actors were charged with “collusion with the intention of acting against the state security” and “propaganda against the state”, IRNA, Iran’s state-run news agency, said.
In a statement posted to her personal Instagram account on Saturday, Ghaziani (52) denounced the government for its crackdown on the young people who have joined the demonstrations.
“How many children, teenagers and young people have you killed – is it not enough with the bloodshed?” she said in her post. “I hate you, and your historical reputation.
“This may be my last post,” she added.
Ghaziani was arrested the next day, hours after uploading another video, from the streets of Tehran, in which she is seen staring defiantly into the camera with no head covering before turning her back and tying a ponytail in her hair.
“From this moment on, whatever happens to me, know that I will be with the people of Iran until my last breath,” she wrote in the post, which garnered an outpouring of support and concern over her fate as it coursed through social media.
Ghaziani was taken to the prosecutor’s office hours later by security personnel, who said that the charges against her included “communication with opposition and counterrevolutionary media”, according to IRNA.
Iranian women's fight for freedom
Iranian authorities are using increasingly violent force to suppress the female-led protests that are rocking the religious regime.Zahra Gholamvand is a research fellow at Trinity College Dublin who left Iran in 2010 after the failure of the Green Movement and violent crackdown on protest. She explains what life is like for women under the watch of Iran's morality police and why this time she believes the protests are not going away.
Riahi (60), who was also arrested on Sunday, removed her hijab publicly in mid-September in an Instagram post and for an interview with TV channel Iran International, in which she said she had always opposed the law and was ready “to show the truth”.
Security forces arrested her at her villa in Qazvin, northwest of Tehran, according to the semi-official news agency Tasmin.
A number of prominent Iranians, including “five movie personalities”, were summoned to the prosecutor’s office on Saturday for publishing “unverified comments about the recent events, as well as the publication of provocative material in support of street riots”, according to the news agency Mizan, which is owned by the Iranian judiciary. The agency did not give a total number for those summoned but named nine people.
[ Iran protests: family blame death of boy (9) on security forcesOpens in new window ]
Over the course of the demonstrations, filmmakers and actors across the country’s celebrated film sector have been speaking out publicly in support of the demonstrations, defying a widespread crackdown on the cinema industry that preceded Amini’s death.
The Iranian regime’s relationship with its internationally acclaimed cinema industry has been historically complicated as it has tried to claim credit for the sector’s success abroad while policing its messaging and reach.
“We as filmmakers have faced many red lines in the past years, such as the prohibition of topics like child-killing and violence against children,” the Iranian Short Film Association said in a statement last week, adding that now those scenes of violence were playing out on the streets of their cities at the hands of the government. “From now on, we will live and work in the reality.”
Actor Taraneh Alidoosti attracted global attention earlier this month after she appeared in an Instagram post without a headscarf holding a placard emblazoned with the “Woman! Life! Freedom!” slogan.
Last week, Asghar Farhadi, the acclaimed Iranian director, joined a chorus of condemnations of the death of a 10-year-old boy, Kian Pirfalak, who was killed when his family’s car came under automatic-weapons fire.
“You will pay for the blood of these pure children that you have killed,” Farhadi said in an Instagram post.
The film industry is not the only entertainment sector embroiled in the crackdown.
At least 19 prominent Iranian artists have been arrested since the start of the protests, according to a list compiled by The Center for Human Rights in Iran, a New York-based advocacy group.
Toomaj Salehi, a rapper who was arrested after releasing music in support of the demonstrations, has been detained since late October in Tehran’s Evin prison complex, which is notorious for widespread human rights violations.
Iranian athletes in various sports have seemingly made gestures in recent competitions that were interpreted as support for the national protests, led by women.
Climber Elnaz Rekabi competed without wearing a hijab in South Korea in October. (She later said it was inadvertent, although many believe her explanation was made under duress by Iranian authorities.) At an international beach football competition in early November, Saeed Piramoon scored the winning goal for Iran and held both hands above his head, mimicking the cutting of hair that some women have rebelliously done in the protests.
But football, and the beloved Team Melli, as the national team is known, has been perhaps the most high-profile sport to have been affected by the protests.
One of the people summoned for questioning by authorities in Tehran over the weekend was a former defender on Iran’s national team, Yahya Golmohammadi.
Players on Iran’s national team and in its domestic soccer league have recently become emboldened in supporting the protests by not singing the country’s national anthem and by declining to celebrate goals scored. That carried into the World Cup match against England on Monday, which Iran lost, 6-2.
Speaking at a news conference Sunday, Ehsan Hajsafi, the team’s captain, said, “We have to accept that the conditions in our country are not right and our people are not happy. We are here, but it does not mean that we should not be their voice, or we must not respect them,” he added.
Carlos Queiroz, the Portuguese coach of the Iranian national team, told reporters last week that players were free to protest “as long as it conforms with the World Cup regulations and is in the spirit of the game”.
The players find themselves in a difficult position. Displays of activism carry the risk of reprisal from Iranian authorities, especially for players who must return home to play in Iran’s domestic league.
To show no solidarity with the protests could lead to harsh criticism from fans; many do not believe Iran should participate in this World Cup because of the unrest in the country. Some activists had called for Iran to be banned from the tournament. More recently, some fans were outraged when photographs emerged of the players in frivolous, celebratory poses as children were being killed in the protests.
“Iran is a nation of soccer fanatics, but I think decades from now what Iranians will remember most about this World Cup is not who played well but who showed heart,” said Karim Sadjadpour, an Iran expert and senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, in a recent email. – This article originally appeared in The New York Times
